China continues to back Russia in its military invasion of Ukraine, showing full support without triggering Western sanctions. The recent farewell hug between Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin highlighted China’s alignment with Russia, contradicting its claim of being neutral.
Putin's visit to China on May 16-17 marked his first overseas trip after starting his fifth term. Celebrating 75 years of diplomatic relations, the two countries issued a 7000-word statement praising their strong relationship. Beijing’s declaration of a “no-limits strategic partnership” with Moscow was reaffirmed, with Xi expressing unwavering support for Russia.
The joint statement emphasised deeper military cooperation, including more military exercises and enhanced bilateral and multilateral coordination. Security-related collaborations will span deep-space exploration, satellite navigation, artificial intelligence, telecommunications, and cyber security. The leaders accused the USA of disrupting strategic nuclear balance and militarising space while calling for a political resolution to the Ukrainian crisis. However, Xi’s frequent interactions with Putin and minimal contact with Ukrainian President Zelenskyy reflect China’s clear stance.
During his visit, Putin also stopped at the Harbin Institute of Technology, a US-sanctioned institution tied to the Chinese military. He was accompanied by high-ranking officials, including the new Defense Minister Andrei Belousov. China lauded the relationship as an example of mutual respect and cooperation, claiming it benefits regional and global peace. However, this stands in stark contrast to Xi’s support for Russia’s aggressive actions.
Putin's claim of promoting a democratic multipolar world with China is ironic, given neither country practises democracy. Both leaders are intent on challenging US dominance, while China continues to supply essential equipment to Russia. The USA has accused China of being the main supplier for Russia’s war efforts, contributing significantly to their machine tool and microelectronics imports. Recently, the US sanctioned 22 Chinese companies aiding Russia in circumventing sanctions.
China’s attempts to appear neutral in the Ukraine conflict are widely seen as disingenuous. Beijing has never condemned Russia's actions, instead supporting Putin's justifications for war. The meeting between Xi and Putin followed Xi’s European tour, where he faced calls from European leaders to influence Russia to end the war. However, Xi's lack of intention to exert such pressure is evident.
China’s economy faces challenges post-COVID, with increased competition and a need to shift towards high-value exports like automobiles. Despite record bilateral trade with Russia, China’s exports to Europe are far more significant, complicating its relationship with Russia. Although trade with Russia reached an all-time high in 2023, many Chinese banks are wary of dealing with Russia, affecting trade volumes.
Putin must be cautious of China’s ties with Europe, as Chinese exports to Russia are a small fraction compared to those to Europe. China’s potential participation in a Ukraine peace summit in Switzerland might bolster its claim of seeking peace, though its actions suggest otherwise. Russia and China jointly criticised US policies in a recent statement, further aligning against the USA.
Putin’s visit to North Korea is anticipated, though China is wary of being seen as part of a tripartite alliance with unpredictable allies. North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-un, is leveraging the Ukraine war to gain favour with Moscow, supplying significant military support to Russia. Additionally, Iran, another Russian ally, provides drones and missiles, reinforcing Russia’s military capabilities.
While Russia aims to disrupt the international order, China seeks to lead it. Putin’s actions have created difficulties for Xi, contradicting China’s policy of non-interference. Yet, China continues to build influence globally, even if it means undermining countries like Ukraine. Beijing accuses the USA of exacerbating the conflict and framing China as a supporter of Russia, arguing that US sanctions hinder global stability.
China’s steadfast support for Russia, despite claiming neutrality, indicates a strong alliance with little interest in resolving the Ukraine conflict. Xi’s close relationship with Putin and their shared goals make it clear that China’s priority is not peace, but bolstering its strategic position alongside Russia.
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